[5]Barry Smith and Christopher Welty, “Fois Introduction: Ontology-Towards a New Synthesis,” in Proceedings of the international conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems-Volume 2001,Ogunquit,Maine,USA:ACM Press,2001.
[6]Kim, Jaegwon, and Ernest Sosa. Metaphysics: An Anthology,Malden, MA.: Oxford: Blackwell, 1999,p.ix.
[7]William R. Carter, The Elements of Metaphysics,New York: McGraw-Hill,1990, p.2.
[8]Michael Jubien, Contemporary Metaphysics: An Introduction,Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishers,1997,p.1.
[9][15]Michael J. Loux, Metaphysics: A Contemporary Introduction, 3rd ed.,New York: London: Routledge,2006,p.x;pp.194-195.
[10]Peter Van Inwagen, Metaphysics,Boulder, Colo: Westview, 1993,p.3.
[11][12]Cynthia Macdonald, Varieties of Things: Foundations of Contemporary Metaphysics,Oxford: Blackwell, 2005,p.3;pp.7-8.
[14]Michael Tooley, “Causation: Metaphysical Issues,” in Encyclopedia of philosophy, ed. Donald M. Borchert,Detroit: London: Macmillan Reference USA, 2006.
[16]所谓INUS,意指原因是某条件的非充分却必要(insufficient but necessary)部分,而该条件本身却是结果的非必要却充分(unnecessary but sufficient)条件。
[17]J. L. Mackie, The Cement of the Universe: A Study of Causation,Oxford: Clarendon Press,1980.
[18]更为详细的讨论参见韩林合:《分析的形而上学》,商务印书馆,2003,§6.3。
(原载《哲学动态》,2009年第2期。录入编辑:乾乾)