[25]Cf, Aristotle, Ethics (tr. J. A. K. Thomson, London: Penguin Books, rep. 1977, I, i, 1094a1-2), p.63.此版本的英译文为“Every art and every investigation, and similarly every action and pursuit, is considered to aim at some good; hence the Good has been rightly defined as ‘that at which all things aim’”。国内影印的版本是:Aristotle, The Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle. (tr. D. P. Chase, Dutton & Co., 1934, China Social Sciences Publishing House, 1999)。其英译文稍有出入,但大意基本相同——“Every art, and every science reduced to a teachable form, and in like manner every action and moral choice, aims, it is thought, at some good: for which reason a common and by no means a bad description of the Chief Good is, ‘that which all things aim at’”。
[26]康德在《判断力批判》第48节里,从道德目的论的角度,赋予审美判断以更为深刻的意义,从而将审美活动纳入“人文化成”或“自然向人生成”这一道德形而上学的领域。其原话如是说:“尤其是在对有生命的自然对象如这个人或一匹马的评判中,通常也一起考虑到了客观的合目的性,以便对它们的美加以判断;但这样一来,就连这判断也不再是纯粹审美的、即单纯的鉴赏判断了。自然不再是如同它显得是艺术那样被评判,而是就它现实地是艺术(虽然是超人类的艺术)而言被评判了;而目的论判断就充当了审美判断所不得不加以考虑的自身的基础和条件。”参阅康德《判断力批判》,邓晓芒译,人民出版社,2002,第155~156页。
(《原载》:《哲学动态》2008年第一期。录入编辑:中庸)